Sports Rehabilitation
The primary role of a sports physiotherapist is to prevent and manage results from exercise and event participation of all ages and with various levels of ability. Sports physiotherapy offers evidence-based advice on safe participation in exercise. Moreover, these trained professionals will promote an active lifestyle to aid individuals in improving and maintaining their quality of life. Sports physiotherapists will play a major role in helping out athletes of all ages and various levels of ability to enhance their performance rate.
How Does Sports Physical Rehabilitation Work?
Sports physiotherapy not only assists athletes in recovering from injuries but can also
enhance performance and reduce the likelihood of future injuries.
This may include assessing an
athlete's movement patterns, identifying any imbalances or areas of weakness, and designing a
program to address these issues.
Sports physiotherapists can also guide proper nutrition,
hydration, and recovery techniques to help athletes optimize their performance and reduce the risk
of injury.
Sports injuries can range from minor strains and sprains to more serious injuries such
as fractures and ligament tears. Regardless of the severity of the injury, physiotherapy can play a
key role in the rehabilitation process.
Physiotherapists design a treatment plan that includes
exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and range of motion and modalities such as heat or cold
therapy to reduce pain and swelling.
Tendinitis & Tenosynovitis
What are tendonitis and tenosynovitis?
Tendons are strong cords of
tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendonitis is when a tendon is inflamed. It can happen to any
tendon in the body. When a tendon is inflamed, it can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort. Another
problem called tenosynovitis is linked to tendonitis. This is the inflammation of the lining of the
tendon sheath around a tendon. Usually, the sheath itself is inflamed, but both the sheath and the
tendon can be inflamed at the same time. What causes tendonitis and tenosynovitis?
The cause of tendonitis and tenosynovitis is often not known. They may be caused by strain,
overuse, injury, or too much exercise. Tendonitis may also be related to a disease such as diabetes,
rheumatoid arthritis, or infection.
Types of tendonitis and tenosynovitis-
Common types of these tendon problems include:
• Lateral epicondylitis. This
is most often known as tennis elbow. It causes pain in the backside of the elbow and forearm, along
the thumb side when the arm is alongside the body with the thumb turned away. The pain is caused by
damage to the tendons that bend the wrist back and away from the palm.
• Medial
epicondylitis. This is most often known as golfers or baseball elbow. It causes pain
from the elbow to the wrist on the palm side of the forearm. The pain is caused by damage to the
tendons that bend the wrist toward the palm.
• Rotator cuff tendonitis. This
is also known as biceps tendonitis. It’s a shoulder disorder. It causes inflammation of the shoulder
capsule and related tendons.
• DeQuervain's tenosynovitis. This is the most
common type of tenosynovitis disorder. It causes swelling in the tendon sheath of the tendons of the
thumb.
• Trigger finger or trigger thumb. This is a type of tenosynovitis.
The tendon sheath becomes inflamed and thickened. This makes it hard to extend or flex the finger or
thumb. The finger or thumb may lock or "trigger" suddenly.
Physiotherapy Objective
Like other forms of inflammation, the main objective is to reduce irritation to the
tendon. Common first line remedies include rest, ice, stretching, and topical/oral NSAID use. When
symptoms continue, physiotherapy can be a very beneficial modality in reducing irritation to the
ligament.
Physiotherapy Treatments:
- Acute Injury
- Range of Motion Activities
- Splinting
- Chronic Injury
- Eccentric Exercises
- Shock Wave Therapy
- Active Release Therapy
In the hands of a well-trained physiotherapist, patients can dramatically reduce symptoms of pain and inflammation when applied in conjunction with first line remedies.
Bursitis
What is bursitis?
Bursa are fluid-filled sacs in the body. They are
lined with a lubricating synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid. Bursitis is defined as the
inflammation of one or more of these bursa.
The human body contains over 150 bursa. Bursa are
found where internal functionaries, such as muscles and tendons, slide across bone. These bursa
create an almost frictionless, smooth surface for movement in a healthy body.
On the other
hand, bursitis makes movement difficult and painful by relying on the inflamed bursa. Furthermore,
moving tendons and muscles over an inflamed bursa aggravates the inflammation, exacerbating the
problem.
Common causes of bursitis
A bursa can become inflamed and
irritated by overuse, Impact, or poor biomechanics.
A bursa can cause pain and impede normal
movement. As a result, altered biomechanics, abnormal load, and chronic inflammation can occur.
Several factors can cause bursitis to develop: direct impact to the bursa, mainly those located
superficially (e.g., elbow, knee), repeated pressure (e.g., kneeling), and poor biomechanics (when
movement causes the abnormal load to the joint and bursa).
Injuries are another common cause.
Trauma from a fall can damage your bursa, causing pain and swelling in your joints.
Less common
causes can be: Gout or arthritis in your joints, bones pressing against your bursa, Infection.
Physiotherapy treatment for bursitis
Treatment with physiotherapy is critical
in the treatment of bursitis. Physiotherapists employ unique movement tests and positions that can
compress the bursa. Compression of the bursa reproduces the symptoms, allowing the physiotherapist
to locate the source. Special tests are performed by a physiotherapist to confirm bursitis at each
specific location of pain, such as the shoulder, elbow, knee, hip or heel.
Treatment
options include
1. Rest from painful movements, activity/sports modification, and
medication. Examples of medications include anti-inflammatory medications for pain and swelling and
antibiotics for infections.
2. Ice,
3. Ultrasound,
4. Interferential current, and
Acupuncture
We assess the biomechanics of the affected limb to identify contributing factors,
including postural issues, muscle tightness, muscle weakness, and even footwear issues.
Exercises that improve joint function with painful bursitis almost always include stretching,
strengthening, and movement retraining. Changes in shoe style or additional arch support, such as an
orthotic, may be needed to treat heel bursitis.
Ligament sprain
Ligaments are tough bands of tissues that connect to your body. They act as pullies between your bones as your body actively moves around. Most ligament injuries involve the shoulder, knee and ankle, as these are focal points on your body that are susceptible to significant wear and tear.
- Signs and symptoms of Ligament injuries:
- Pain
- With lower extremity injuries, trouble walking, change in gait, ex. limping
- Swelling
- Joint feels unstable
- Causes:
- Direct trauma to the joint
- Sports
- Motor vehicle accident
- Any injury with the joint flexed
- Common Ligament Injuries:
- Ligaments of the Knee
- ACL, MCL, PCL
- TMJ
- Sprained ankle
- Plantar Fascia
- AC joint
Physiotherapy Objectives
Like many other injuries, with physiotherapy it is important to get the patient back to baseline status, with reducing pain, stabilizing the joint, and improving mobility.
Physiotherapy Treatment
Primary intervention involves protect, rest, ice, compress, and elevate the joint. After
initial intervention, grading of the injury needs to be determined before physiotherapy action plan
is instituted. In general, modalities for treatment include:
Crutch support with greater weight
bearing activities
Moving your joint through range of motion
Bracing and splinting
Strengthening ancillary muscles around the joint
Goal directed therapy for specific ligament
injuries.
With the assistance of a trained physiotherapist, with simple injuries or others
requiring surgery, physiotherapy is an imperative step in the journey to your improved health.
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